Soil Biochemistry
نویسنده
چکیده
Soil biochemistry is one of the branches of soil science dealing with the formation and decomposition of soil organic matter, biochemical reactions of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, metals and xenobiotics in soils, and biochemistry of the plant-root rhizosphere. This chapter is divided into eleven sections, the first of which provides a definition of soil biochemistry and its scope of influence. In section 2, the overall concept of soil organic matter and the formation mechanisms of humic substances are presented. Sections 3 and 4 discuss the characteristics of biomolecules in soils including the genetic material DNA and enzymes which are the catalysis of all biochemical reactions. Sections 5 to 7 deal with the cycling of the major microbial and plant nutrients. The biochemistry of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur divide the material into logical units of study.
منابع مشابه
Soil bacterial and fungal diversity differently correlated with soil biochemistry in alpine grassland ecosystems in response to environmental changes
To understand effects of soil microbes on soil biochemistry in alpine grassland ecosystems under environmental changes, we explored relationships between soil microbial diversity and soil total nitrogen, organic carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus, soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in alpine meadow, alpine steppe and cultivated grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau unde...
متن کاملIii. the Microbial Biomass
Suggested Reading: Jenkinson, D. S. and J. N. Ladd. 1981. Microbial biomass in soil: Measurement and turnover. p. 415-471. In E. A. Paul and J. N. Ladd (eds.), Soil Biochemistry, Volume 5. Marcel Dekker, New York. Tunlid, A and D. C. White. 1992. Biochemical analysis of biomass, community structure, nutritional status, and metabolic activity of microbial communities in soil. p. 229-262. In G. S...
متن کاملImpact of Environmental Stress-Tolerant Transgenic Potato on Genotypic Diversity of Microbial Communities and Soil Enzyme Activities under Stress Conditions.
Transgenic crops able to tolerate environmental stress are being developed throughout the world. However, little data is available on the impact of environmental stress-tolerant transgenic crops on soil microorganisms and biochemistry. Recently developed transgenic potato plants carrying an environmental stress-related gene, DREB1A, with a stress-inducible promoter, are being evaluated for grow...
متن کاملThe under-recognized dominance of Verrucomicrobia in soil bacterial communities.
Verrucomicrobia are ubiquitous in soil, but members of this bacterial phylum are thought to be present at low frequency in soil, with few studies focusing specifically on verrucomicrobial abundance, diversity, and distribution. Here we used barcoded pyrosequencing to analyze verrucomicrobial communities in surface soils collected across a range of biomes in Antarctica, Europe, and the Americas ...
متن کاملSoil microbial communities are shaped by plant-driven changes in resource availability during secondary succession.
Although we understand the ecological processes eliciting changes in plant community composition during secondary succession, we do not understand whether co-occurring changes in plant detritus shape saprotrophic microbial communities in soil. In this study, we investigated soil microbial composition and function across an old-field chronosequence ranging from 16 to 86 years following agricultu...
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